Layer 2 Rollups vs Polkadot vs Cosmos: Complete Comparison | Vibepedia

Layer 2 Rollups scale **Ethereum** via optimistic or zk-proofs for high throughput while inheriting L1 security; **Polkadot** coordinates parachains through a **Relay Chain** for shared security and interoperability; **Cosmos** enables sovereign app-chains connected by **IBC** protocol emphasizing full customization. Each excels in **Web3** scalability but trades off sovereignty, security models, and complexity amid competition from **Solana** and **Avalanche**.